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Recognizing the limitations of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (e.g., storage requirements), researchers in India are developing an inactivated whole virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a toll-like receptor agonist adsorbed to an alum adjuvant. Now, they report interim results of a partially industry-funded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of this two-dose intramuscular vaccine. Almost 26,000 participants at 25 sites were enrolled between November 2020 and January 2021; about 30% were found to be SARS-CoV-2–seropositive at enrollment and were excluded from the per-protocol efficacy analysis but included in safety datasets. The analysis was performed after 130 confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 cases were identified ≥14 days after the second …