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For provoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults, guidelines recommend 3 months of anticoagulation; however, with presumptive lower risk in younger patients (but without randomized trial evidence), pediatric guidelines recommend 6 weeks of anticoagulation therapy for provoked VTE. For 12 years, investigators enrolled 417 children and adolescents (age, <21) from five European and North American countries who experienced first provoked VTE (i.e., venous thrombosis — with or without pulmonary embolism — related to recent hospitalization, trauma, or central venous catheter). Patients were randomized to either 6 weeks or 3 months of anticoagulation, as long as repeat imaging at 6 weeks showed that the thrombus had resolved or was not complete…