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Empagliflozin improves outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but how much does background therapy with other medications influence results? In an industry-sponsored, randomized trial (EMPEROR-Reduced) in 3730 patients with HFrEF, empagliflozin (compared with placebo) lowered the primary outcome of first hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular-related death by 25% — from 24.7% to 19.4% (NEJM JW Gen Med Oct 1 2020 and N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1413). Now, in a post hoc analysis, investigators looked at whether these results were influenced by concurrent therapies.
Relative risk reduction was preserved, regardless of angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) dose …