Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is believed to have a more favorable prognosis than adult-onset MS in terms of physical disability but also to have concerning implications for cognitive disability, adolescent development, and socioprofessional attainment (NEJM JW Neurol May 2022 and Ann Neurol 2022; 91:483).

To provide more information on cognitive outcomes of POMS, investigators conducted follow-up testing at a mean of 13 years in 33 patients with POMS from their original longitudinal cohort of 63. Cognitive testing was performed at regular intervals, and results were converted into a cognitive z score.

Cognition declined between baseline and year 2. While the cognitive score improved between years 2 and 5, it did not return to bas…