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The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced into clinical use in the U.S. in 2006 for females and in 2011 for males; it was replaced in 2015 by a vaccine that contains five additional oncogenic types (i.e., 9-valent). Researchers now have assessed the virologic effect of these vaccines after 15 years of use.
Using data collected between 2003 and 2018 from a nationally representative health examination survey, investigators analyzed the prevalence of HPV serotypes among 3200 sexually experienced female participants (age range, 14–24) who had provided self-collected swabs. A smaller cohort of males contributed data after 2013. By the years 2015 through 2018, almost 60% of females and almost 30% of males reported receivin…