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A substantial minority of young stroke patients meet criteria for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), which is when a radiographic picture suggests an embolic source but a specific source is not identified. Such diagnostic uncertainty can make estimations of recurrent stroke risk even more challenging. Only one of two major clinical trials of ESUS patients to date allowed patients age 50 years or less, resulting in less than 5% of the 12,600 ESUS patients enrolled in these trials to be age 50 years or younger and leaving a gap in our understanding of ESUS in young adults. To address this gap, the Young ESUS prospective cohort study included 535 patients age 50 years or younger that were evaluated at one of 41 centers in 13 countri…