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Clinical experience in managing autoimmune encephalitis (AE) syndromes with associated antibodies informs our approach to the diagnosis and management of AE in general. To address the information gap in relation to the management of seronegative AE patients, researchers at a national referral center for AE performed a retrospective study of 147 seronegative AE patients treated at their center, of whom 117 met clinical consensus criteria for probable AE, 23 met criteria for seronegative limbic encephalitis, and 7 had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Among the probable-AE patients, all had an abnormal brain MRI and 72% had a cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. For the entire cohort, median time to immunotherapy initiation was 8 days from sym…