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Traumatic brain injury is an important cause of death, and even mild brain trauma can cause disability. Outcome is affected by preinjury factors such as patient and injury characteristics and quality of care provided. Prognostic models and predictors are important to support clinicians in giving patients and families reliable information. During the past 10 years, several blood-based biomarkers of glial and neuronal cell injury have been developed and are useful for prognosis if measured on the day of injury. Two observational cohort analyses, the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) core study and the U.S. Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (Tra…