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The prevalence of incidentally discovered adrenal masses (“incidentalomas”) varies considerably across studies. One reason is that typical cohort studies involve patients who undergo computed tomography (CT) for some clinical reason, which could bias both overall prevalence and the proportion of lesions that are hormonally active or malignant.
To overcome this bias, researchers in China performed abdominal CT scans in 25,000 generally asymptomatic adults (age range, 18–78) who presented for routine “annual health checkups.” In people who had incidental adrenal masses, 12-month follow-up and additional imaging were done as needed to distinguish between adenomas and other types of lesions, and laboratory evaluation was offered to identify horm…