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The single-dose recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based Zaire Ebola virus vaccine (rVSV) is licensed in the U.S. and prequalified by WHO for adults, and the regimen of an adenovirus type 26-vectored vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV) followed by modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored vaccine (MVA-BN-Filo) is prequalified by WHO for adults and children. To determine safety as well as the durability of immune responses elicited by various ZEBOV vaccine regimens, investigators randomized 1400 adults (median age, 27; 45% female) and 1401 children (median age, 8 years; 46% female) in four West African countries to one of four regimens: Ad26–MVA, rVSV–placebo, rVSV–rVSV, and placebo. The two doses were given 56 days apart and the primary endpoint was serologic…