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After decades of disappointing results from trials of treatments for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), evidence has emerged recently to guide diagnostic testing and treatment. This consensus document provides guidance for the care of this clinically challenging population.
The causes of dyspnea in individuals with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are numerous; in addition to heart failure, noncardiac causes (e.g., lung disease) must be considered. The Universal Definition of HF requires both symptoms or signs of HF and either elevated natriuretic peptides or objective evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary or syst…