Mpox in Persons with Previous Infection or Vaccination

During the present mpox outbreak, recurrent infections as well as those occurring after vaccination have been reported. Now, investigators describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of these infections in a global case series reported from May 2022–June 2023 and including 37 individuals.

All individuals were gay or bisexual men. Eight (22%) had HIV; all were receiving effective antiretroviral therapy with median CD4 cell count >500/mm³. In the 8 with a second infection, median interval between infections was 112 days (range 25–364). In the 30 with postvaccination infection, median interval between completion of vaccination (2 doses) and breakthrough infection was 219 days (range, 49–315). During the second infection, mpox severity w…