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Management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in resource-poor settings relies on syndromic diagnosis — for gonorrhea, urethral discharge in men and vaginal discharge in women. An accurate, low-cost diagnostic test would improve the management of the infection and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics. To assess the performance of a lateral flow (LF) assay that provides a result from a urine sample (in men) and a vaginal swab sample (in women) within 30 minutes, investigators tested 200 men presenting with urethral discharge and 200 women with vaginal discharge at primary care clinics in South Africa. The gold standard for comparison was the Xpert CT/NG PCR assay, which detected N. gonorrhoeae in 64% of men and 18% of women who were …