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The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for depression in adults (NEJM JW Gen Med Aug 1 2023 and JAMA 2023; 329:2163), but evidence for improved outcomes is mixed. In this multisite study from Germany, 8000 adults were screened for depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) in the waiting area prior to their primary care office visits. The 1030 patients who screened positive for at least moderate depression (score ≥10 on the 27-point PHQ-9) were randomized to one of three groups: (1) no specific feedback to either patient or physician, unless the screen indicated suicidal ideation; (2) immediate written feedback only to the patient regarding the positive result, just before seeing the physician, or (3) i…