MRI Atrophy Patterns in Demyelinating Diseases

Demyelinating disease and related disorders include multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD), and aquaporin-4 antibody disease (AQP4), each with a distinct pathophysiology. This retrospective, multicenter study included 135 patients with MOGAD, 135 with AQP4, 175 with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and 144 healthy controls (HCs).

Compared with HCs, patients with MOGAD had reduced brain volume in temporal cortex, deep gray matter, insula, cingulate cortex, and cerebellum; patients with AQP4 had lower tissue volume in occipital cortex; and patients with RRMS had reduced volume throughout the cortex, deep gray matter, and cerebellum. Among those with AQP4 and MOGAD, the reduction in gray-m…