Treatments for Patients with Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) encompasses the signs and symptoms resulting from loss of estrogen and, to a lesser extent, androgen in the genitourinary tract. The emergence of a variety of nonhormonal local and systemic options to treat patients with GSM prompted this systematic review of vaginal moisturizers, vaginal estrogens, and nonestrogen hormone therapies.

The 46 randomized trials included in this review predominantly involved healthy white female participants in their 50s with moderate-to-severe genitourinary symptoms. Most studies were of ≤3 months' duration, which precluded evaluation of long-term safety, and no studies were powered to detect infrequent harms. This literature review provided low-certainty evidence of th…