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At the outset of the mpox outbreak, the shortage of modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine prompted Canadian authorities to recommend a single subcutaneous dose for those at risk. To estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one dose, investigators conducted a target trial emulation in which they matched 3204 vaccinated and 3204 unvaccinated persons (22% with HIV; median age, 35) and assessed PCR-confirmed mpox infection. Among 71 mpox diagnoses, 21 occurred in the vaccinated group and 50 in the unvaccinated group for a VE of 58%.
Tecovirimat that had been stockpiled in the U.S. as a treatment for smallpox also showed efficacy against non-smallpox orthopoxvirus in animal models; thus, it was made available under an expanded a…