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Cerebrovascular events such as stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are associated with cognitive changes, but the cause-effect relationship between TIA and cognitive decline is unclear. To clarify this relationship, researchers followed a large cohort of non-Hispanic Black and white people from across the U.S. for a median of 14 years, and measured cognitive trajectories before and after a single first-time TIA (n=356; mean age, 67 years) or stroke (n=965; mean age, 67 years). They compared cognitive outcomes in these participants with those in 14,882 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 63 years). A committee of stroke experts adjudicated incident cerebrovascular events, defining TIA as an acute ischemic event that resolved in less …