Stem Cell Transplantation vs. Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

In a real-world cohort study, patients who underwent AHSCT had lower rates of relapse than those who received either disease-modifying therapy.

Highly effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) reduce the rate of relapse in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), but data comparing modern DMTs with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) are limited. In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, researchers evaluated data from 621 patients with relapsing MS who had active disease and prior treatment failure at the time that they received AHSCT (n=103), alemtuzumab (n=204), or ocrelizumab (n=314). Propensity score overlap weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences.

The key findings:

Patients who underwent AHSCT had significantly lower annualized relapse rates than those who received alemtuzumab (0.020 vs. 0.078 after 5 years) or ocrelizumab (0.026 vs. 0…

Reviewing Author

Robert T. Naismith, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardAlexion Pharmaceuticals; Amgen; Astoria; Biogen; Bristol Myers Squibb; Celltrion; Genentech; Hoffmann-La Roche; Genzyme; EMD Serono; Immpact-Bio; Immunic Therapeutics; Kyverna; Lundbeck; Novartis; Sandoz; TG Therapeutics

Grant/Research SupportNational Institutes of Health; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; U.S. Department of Defense

Leadership Positions in Professional SocietiesConsortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (Treasurer)

Robert T. Naismith, MD

Disclosures

Grant/Research SupportNational Institutes of Health; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; U.S. Department of Defense

Leadership Positions in Professional SocietiesConsortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (Treasurer)

Stem Cell Transplantation vs. Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

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Reviewing Author