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Although antidepressants can modestly improve symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, only stimulants are approved for ADHD treatment. Disorganization and inattention in ADHD patients are thought to be related to prefrontal-cortex deficiencies in norepinephrine and dopamine; stimulants may counteract the symptoms by increasing these neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex. Atomoxetine is a specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor without clear antidepressant activity that has been shown to be effective in patients with ADHD. In this manufacturer-funded study, investigators administered atomoxetine, methylphenidate, and various antidepressants to rats and measured their extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine levels.
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