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Untreated chlamydia infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, and most infected women are asymptomatic. Researchers evaluated a new rapid test for chlamydia that uses vaginal swab specimens in 1349 women aged 16 to 54. Eligible participants visited a sexual health center or one of two genitourinary clinics in the U.K., had not taken antibiotics during the previous month, and were not menstruating at the time of specimen collection. At all three sites, each participant provided a first-void urine specimen and a self-collected vaginal swab.
The test results were available within 30 minutes and were highly sensitive and specific when compared with results of the gold standard, polymerase chain reaction. The test had a s…