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Chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy is commonly used to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Risk factors for recurrence of UTI during and after therapy have not been clearly identified. These researchers studied outcomes during and after prophylactic antibiotic therapy in 58 girls starting treatment at a mean age of 2.8 years and 8 boys starting treatment at a mean age of 0.7 years.
UTIs did not recur in 42 (72%) of the girls or in any of the boys during more than 2 years of therapy. In the 16 girls with recurrent infection, the risk factors for breakthrough UTI were voiding dysfunction and abnormal kidneys on ultrasound examination. At a mean 3.7 years after disconti…