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Many people equate the terms psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), but research suggests that psychopathy — lack of empathy, emotional responsivity, and remorse plus continued reactive (impulsive) and instrumental (premeditated) violence — constitutes an additional dimension of ASPD. Presence of psychopathy predicts an earlier onset and greater severity of offending and a poorer response to treatment. Researchers conducted a voxel-based morphometry study of 44 violent offenders with ASPD and 22 nonoffenders without ASPD or psychopathy to identify possible gray-matter differences between these ASPD phenotypes. Seventeen offenders had psychopathy (ASPD+P), and 27 did not (ASPD–P); similar numbers in the offender groups had s…