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The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may occur in up to 45% of patients who initiate potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of a recently diagnosed or occult opportunistic infection (OI). To better define the risk factors for this syndrome, investigators conducted a retrospective case-control study at a Baltimore clinic, where more than 3000 HIV-infected patients are followed.
Potential cases were identified by (1) searching the clinic database for patients who had new or recurrent OIs diagnosed within 6 months of initiating ART or who had been treated with corticosteroids, (2) searching hospital records for patients who had virologic responses to ART and who were admitted within 6 months of initiating ART, and …