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Pipe and cigar smokers generally have fewer smoking-related illnesses than cigarette smokers because they smoke less tobacco and inhale less. But smokers who switch from cigarettes to pipes or cigars may not enjoy the full reduction in risk because they tend to continue to inhale after switching. This prospective British study examined the risk for dying from a smoking-related disease among 21,520 professional and business men aged 35 to 64 years between 1975 and 1982.
Researchers collected detailed information about smoking including whether or not the men had switched from cigarettes to pipes or cigars at least 20 years before entry into the study, and followed the men until 1993, recording deaths from lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, …